Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay Essay Example

Great and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay Great and fiendishness subjects. in some signifier. be in for all intents and purposes each bit of writing ever composed. It is found in writing each piece old as the Bible to more up to date stories, for example, The Hunger Games. It is nothing unexpected to happen this equivalent subject in Lord of the Fliess by William Golding and Animal Farm by George Orwell. Golding and Orwell investigate great and abhorrence to demo what outcome ethical quality. or on the other hand the insufficiency thereof. has on society. Both Golding and Orwell accept through their ain days gone by encounters that abhorrent defiles individuals. To depict this. Orwell and Golding utilize comparable contemplations with their characters and mystery intend to demo how fragile the idea of civilisation is for every one of us. We will compose a custom exposition test on Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm. the subject of corruption is clear all through the improvement of the characters. In Lord of the Flies. the essential character. Jack. is truly abhorrent. Jack is a savage male youngster and he performs numerous fierce Acts of the Apostless during his journey for power. The best delineation of this is when Jack urges his society to participate in the butchering of the heavenly Simon ( Golding. 140 ) . While the society is holding a wild. malicious stately. Simon slithers out of the backwoods disorientated subsequent to persevering through an ictus. Confusing Simon with the creature. the unsettled society. counting Ralph. violently tears Simon separated with their exposed authorities and dentitions. Simon tumbles off of the drop and onto the sea shore underneath. where his natural structure cleans out to the ocean. In contrasting. shamelessness is other than remarkable in the account Animal Farm. The character Napoleon is the piece of impropriety in Animal Farm. He is the extremely manipulative and despot like pioneer of the ranch. He performs numerous indefinable Acts of the Apostless against his individual enliven creatures. for example, taking the milk and apples for himself ( Orwell. 24 ) . In the wake of taking the entirety of the milk and apples. Napoleon gets Squealer. a hoard that he utilizes for purposeful publicity plans. to explain his â€Å"reason† for taking the milk and apples from them. Squealer territories that Napoleon needs to take the milk and apples from the quicken creatures with the goal that Napoleon has solid encephalon power. Squealer keeps on elucidating that Napoleon needs to hold great encephalon power on the grounds that â€Å"the entire course and organization of the ranch relies upon Napoleon† ( Orwell. 32 ) . Squealer so expounds significantly more and says to the vitalize creatures that â€Å"it is for YOUR advantage that we drink that drain and eat those apples†¦Jones would return! † ( Orwell. 32 ) . These grounds are non valid. as Napoleon simply needs the milk and apples since he discovers them scrumptious and non on the grounds that he needs them to pull off the ranch. In the interim. the other ranch quicken creatures are left to travel hungry. In an adequate demonstration of unadulterated unethical behavior. Orwell and Golding can use Napoleon and Jack as odious characters trying to demo what befalls individual with no moral intentions. Interestingly. subjects of goodness are more enthusiastically to occur. however clear in the word image of Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm. In Lord of the Flies. Simon is the model of ethical quality. For outline. he shows up Christ-like as he helps the more powerless children of the people that the more established male childs call the Littluns. Simon helps the Littluns by executing endeavors that they can non make. for example, â€Å"picking pick natural product from developments they can non reach† ( Golding. 50 ) . In looking at. Animal Farm other than has characters that reflect goodness. In particular. Fighter is one character that shows his decency through his activities. For representation. in the Battle of the Cowshed. he sees his individual enliven creatures being harmed. so he stops the battle by kicking a steady chap in the caput. As a result of Boxer’s activities. the universes escape ( Orwell. 36 ) . Despite the fact that Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm are both predominately brimming with abhorrent subjects. Golding and Orwell use subjects of goodness in the word picture to give the peruser trust that great just may prevail. Other than the subjects of impropriety found in word picture. there are other than the subjects of unethical behavior in the mystery plan components of Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm. Towards the terminal of Lord of the Flies. Simon is killed by the rest of the male childs ( Golding. 142 ) . Simon’s expire is explicitly the moment that the unethical behavior in the story triumph over great. Up until the purpose of Simon’s perish. Ralph and Simon are the solitary characters who despite everything have great left in them. Since Ralph partakes in Simon’s killing. the entirety of the decency that exists in Ralph is gone and the remainder of civilisation kicks the bucket with Simon. A comparable indecency is available in Animal Farm when Napoleon anguishs and executes â€Å"traitors† of the ranch. The energize creatures that are blamed for lese grandness are tormented until they admit to their offense. When they admit. they are executed ( Orwell. 69 ) . The majority of the clasp. these vivify creatures are non even blameworthy. The invigorate creatures live in an unchanging dread ; they do non cognize when or in the event that they will be blamed for lese grandness thus executed. By using subjects of shamelessness. both Golding and Orwell show that a lack of ethical quality in the public arena may at long last follow in the surrender of civilisation. In a similar way. subjects of good show up in the mystery plan components of Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm. In particular. there is a clasp when Jack will not give Piggy any meat. Simon gives Piggy his part since he accepts that it is treacherous that Jack did non give Piggy any meat. At the point when Simon does non give Jack the fulfillment of eating his meat. Jack so gets profoundly irate with Simon and tosses meat at Simon’s pess yelling â€Å"Eat. Damn you! † ( Golding. 68 ) . Simon despite everything will not eat the meat. By his activities. Simon shows that despite the fact that they were populating in savage occasions. they could at present stay sort to one another. Only like Lord of the Flies. Animal Farm other than has subjects of goodness in its mystery plan components. In impossible to miss. Old Major makes a feeling of benevolence and eagerness at the ranch during his praised address. He elevates the vivify creatures by singing them a vocal entitled â€Å"Beasts of England† . The vocal is about vivify creatures interfering with liberated from human control and life freely. Old Major keeps on demoing his anxiety for his individual vitalize creatures when he says in his location that â€Å"all energize creatures are equal† ( Orwell. 11 ) . As an outcome of Orwell and Golding using goodness in the mystery plan components of Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies. they can epitomize their point that one can take to be sort. no issue their milieus. Through word picture and mystery plan components. Golding and Orwell utilize great and malice in Lord of the Fliess and Animal Farm to show their dreadful affections for society. They accept that if society loses their pinch of immaculateness and goodness so society will fall in. At the end of the day. Golding and Orwell’s message to the peruser is that it is human instinct to violate and execute unethical behavior. also, if society is non cautious. it will at long last take to the passing of civilisation. Plants Cited Orwell. George. Animal Farm ; . New York: Harcourt. Support. 1954. ( 11. 24. 32. 36. 69 ) . Print. Golding. William. Ruler of the Flies. New York: Coward-McCann. 1962. ( 50. 68. 140. 142 ) . Print.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Compare and contrast the ways that social media marketing can help Essay

Look into the manners in which that web-based social networking promoting can assist associations with marketing their items - Essay Example At the last area of the report, it has been dissected and seen that online networking showcasing helps in promoting items/benefits productively, yet additionally gives monstrous offices of making long haul and sound relationship benefits with the current just as potential clients. In the cutting edge age, online life has gotten one of the fundamental pieces of human lives. It is frequently seen that in excess of 250 million individuals are the clients of internet based life locales today. Maybe it is inferable from the advantages offered by web based life as one of the best and advantageous types of correspondence between the individuals. With a comparative assent, the business association has been utilizing internet based life as their promoting apparatus for their items. Outstandingly, online life advertising was here and there present from the customary business module itself. Not many of the customary online networking utilized for the advancement of the item are papers, radio and magazines, which were likewise meant as the cutting edge single direction specialized apparatuses at regularly examples. Notwithstanding, at one point of time, the vibe for the advancement of more up to date internet based life advertising apparatuses propelled associations to pe rform better because of the quantity of such cases. For instance, in the conventional period of online life advancements, it was seen to be unthinkable for the clients to give their criticisms or remarks to the association. Be that as it may, if there should arise an occurrence of present day web based life instruments and the associations receiving those, it has assisted the business association with creating their own substance for fruitful advancement of the item increasing better adaptability in their methodology. Obviously, it helps the business association in advancing their items in a practical way and permit its clients to see the item for nothing through simple access to the informal communication destinations (Zarrella, 2010). It has been

Some of the consequences of colonial thinking about Aboriginal womens sexuality for Aboriginal women themselves

Hannah Roberts composes that the white man’s colonization of Australia didn't just include removing the native’s land, it likewise incorporated the colonization of the Aboriginal woman’s body.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Some of the outcomes of pilgrim contemplating Aboriginal women’s sexuality for Aboriginal ladies themselves explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The white man regularly utilized the Aboriginal woman’s body for sexual fulfillment, yet attempted to keep up affectation of partition between the colonizers and the colonized as a result of his fixation on racial immaculateness and pride (Roberts, 2001, pp.188). The Aboriginal lady was viewed as characteristically sexual and improper, and now and again, was described as ‘bond captives of Satan’. The colonizers utilized this line of intuition to legitimize their colonization of the Aboriginal woman’s body. These ladies were all uded to utilizing disdainful names, for example, ‘gin’, ‘stud’, ‘breeder’, etc, to recognize them from other ladies, for the most part white. Because of their naming as sexual items, native women’s assent was infrequently looked for at whatever point the white man wanted to engage in sexual relations with them. Thus, the local ladies should submit themselves to the colonizers, disappointment of which would prompt fierce acts, as Roberts calls attention to, cases of continuous shootings, torment, catch and assault against such were normal. Roberts further calls attention to that due to the colonizer’s marking of the Aboriginal ladies as sexual materials, instances of white men assaulting these ladies were once in a while brought to court and were probably going to come up short. Brutality against the Aboriginal lady appeared to be common and typical and once in a while inspired the horrible impact on her or her significant other as it would on a white lady, or so the white colonizers thought. In fact, the women’s protection from the colonizers controlling component was additionally taken as verification of their indecency and just declined their circumstance. Week 9 How does Marie Bonaparte speak to the clitoris comparable to female sexuality? What is ‘Freudian’ about this? Marie Bonaparte composes that the clitoris gives ladies their unmistakable female sexuality, and intentionally or accidentally, charms them to the guys. Thusly, the guys have become oblivious admirers of the lady because of the clitoris. The significance of the clitoris to the woman’s sexuality can't be disparaged, as Bonaparte clarifies, the significance of this little item previously or during sex may even exceed the delights or advantages of the sex itself in certain ladies (Bonaparte, 1958, pp. 148). She further clarifies that in the West, numerous ladies discover increasingly sexual fulfillment from exercise s that include the clitoris as opposed to from the infiltration (sex) itself.Advertising Looking for evaluation on sex considers? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, Bonaparte clarifies that clitoridial ladies discover more valuation for their sexuality from men who comprehend the significance of the clitoris to them. Such men share their pleasure and adoring recognizable proof with the lady while focusing on her desires, and this possibly happens when a man cherishes a lady enough to think about her. While the clitoris may prompt a satisfaction of sexuality among ladies, it might likewise prompt a catastrophe along these lines, especially from men who are too manly to even think about adapting to their clitoridal wants. At whatever point a lady perceives that the male she endows to satisfy her clitoridal wishes doesn't satisfy the errand, which could be because of the male being too savage to even consider adapting to the woman’s wishes, she in the long run needs to adjust to the new condition either auto or alloplastically, an idea that is predictable with the Freudian works on human sexuality. Week 11 How did Dennis Altman characterize the ‘gay liberation’ of the 1970s? In this article, Altman composes that society has denied the common bi-sexuality of all people in two different ways, and that it is opportunity gay people came out (Altman, 1979, pp. 18). He composes on the mistreatment of gay people in various manners, including the marking of homosexuality as a corruption, and separation. The creator characterizes two primary types of oppression gay people: forswearing and resistance. The previous is exemplified in the different media, for example, in paper sections where gay people are not permitted to provide details regarding their social exercises transparently. Altman composes that gay freedom doest not only involve the freedom of the gay people from the previously m entioned biased and oppressive acts, yet is in truth a freedom of us all. While numerous individuals have would in general overlook this reality, a couple of individuals have perceived the capability of a gay as a progressive in the American culture. He likewise depicts how hard it is for gay people to lead outward, decent lives. This is made troublesome by society’s poor naming of homosexuality that has kept gay people separate from the essential unit of the general public, the family unit. They challenge the possibility of homosexuality that sexuality must be advocated by multiplication, and this has additionally prompted the defamation of gays. Freedom is an idea far a lot more extensive than even sexuality, and any vision of freedom is one that sees gays breaking out of the very unnecessary cutoff points on the human potential that exists in the general public, and society perceiving the criticalness and the privileges of man to decent variety. Plus, society ought not be detained by antiquated thoughts of what is common and what is normal.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Some of the outcomes of pioneer pondering Aboriginal women’s sexuality for Aboriginal ladies themselves explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Week 12 On what premise did Campbell contend, in 1980, that it is hetero ladies who feel the greatest pariahs inside women's liberation? While Campbell concedes that lesbians, celibates, and hetero women's activists have endured because of the women's activist developments, she battles that it is heteros who have endured more. This enduring started not long after the sexual upset, which prompted the separation among sex and proliferation. Be that as it may, the truth of pregnancy couldn't be disregarded and even as hetero relations took off. During this insurgency, ladies were recognized to be sexual and men’s obligation was to fulfill them, so it was all failure among certain ladies who di dn't encounter fulfillment, in spite of the fact that this could have been brought about by female conditions. A few researchers ascribed this issue to the difference between the bend of arousing joy in the male and female, which made the man â€Å"reach the pinnacle purpose of sexual fervor while the lady is as yet getting there† (Campbell, 1980, pp. 5). Another issue emerging from the upset was the danger of pregnancy, as referenced prior. In spite of the fact that contraception was pushed close by the positive affirmation of women’s sexuality, there was no scrutinize of the customary hetero sex and its basically (for ladies) procreative mode. Subsequently, it put ladies in danger of pregnancy, and prompted the naming of ladies as the wellspring of issues in hetero sexual relations. Furthermore, explicitly autonomous hetero ladies were condemned for upsetting parenthood and it was contended that sexual freedom couldn't be accomplished to the detriment of maternity an d parenthood. Week 7 How has Kinsey’s work been compelling in respects the subject of male homosexuality? In the Kinsey Report of 1948, the creator made unbeknown discoveries about American’s sexual practices, especially among gay people. Among these discoveries was that homosexuality was more typical in the United States than anybody had understood, this supported an ever increasing number of gay people to come out of their storage rooms and interest for their privileges. He revealed that 37 percent of his respondents had in any event one gay episode (Kinsey, 1953, pp. 56). He additionally composed that 10 percent of American guys had been polished homosexuality for in any event three years at the times of somewhere in the range of 16 and 55.Advertising Searching for appraisal on sexual orientation contemplates? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In any case, Kinsey advised his perusers and demonstrated that these figures revealed were not supreme, and he even avoided utilizing terms, for example, gay or hetero in his report, admitting that sexuality is probably going to change after some time. He additionally composed that sexual conduct can happen both truly and mentally through want, sexual fascination, or dream. Because of Kinsey’s work, numerous individuals, for the most part gay people, gradually began coming out and straightforwardly pronounced their sexual direction. In reality, the report was huge in the sexual upset of the 1960s, and aided in the standardization of homosexuality in the American and other Western social orders. Gay people were currently progressively treated in a compassionate way, a difference from the past unforgiving medications where gays were oppressed and victimized and restricted from other social spots. Be that as it may, the Kinsey Report can't be without any help said to have realize d these changes, various elements were likewise having an effect on everything. References Altman, D. (1979). ‘Forum on Sexual Liberation’, in Coming out in the Seventies. Sydney: Wild and Woolle. Bonaparte, M. (1958). Female Sexuality. London: Imago Publishing Campbell, B. (1980). A Feminist Sexual Politics: Now you see it, Now you don’t. Women's activist Review, No. 5, 1980, 1-18 Kinsey, F. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Indiana: Indiana University Roberts, H. (2001). Restraining the female aborigi

Friday, August 21, 2020

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Reasoning of Education - Essay Example A basic part of instruction is the eagerness, or willfulness, of the student. Dwindles endeavors to explain the idea of instruction by detailing the four standards which describe the procedures engaged with ‘being educated.’ By his own confirmation, Peters plans his measures as a â€Å"guide,† and not as a â€Å"definitive statement† of law (2). Taken in this point of view, his models for ‘being educated’ show up entirely sensible. Peters’ records four rules which are fundamental for a procedure to fulfill the idea of training: instruction includes a collection of information and a comprehension of related standards; instruction suggests a change of viewpoint; training includes mindful and duty; instruction must have an intellectual point of view. Peters’ four standards prevail with regards to giving us an exceptionally away from of the idea of ‘being educated,’ in spite of the fact that they can't be acknowledged as totally absolute. The primary models set somewhere near Peters, to which the procedures of instruction must acclimate, is the ownership of information and a comprehension of basic standards. ... The information controlled by an informed individual can't be simply â€Å"a assortment of incoherent facts† (8). Diminishes plainly separates among preparing and instruction: preparing is â€Å"equipping individuals with important abilities for a job† (7). Instruction has another measurement than simple preparing. Preparing can have instructive worth, yet the idea of training rises above the minor securing of aptitudes. Dwindles completely expresses that the goal of instruction isn't extraneous: outward targets, for example, making the student work commendable, fall under the ambit of preparing. Then again, the destinations of training are characteristic, including â€Å"the improvement of individual possibilities - keenness and character† (5). In separating among preparing and training, Peters currently leads into his subsequent rule, which depends on the change achieved by instruction. As indicated by Peters’ second models, ‘being educated’ realizes an adjustment in the viewpoint of the informed individual. He clarifies the sort of information which an informed man must have, so as to be called ‘educated,’ and not simply ‘knowledgeable’. The information procured by an informed individual is dynamic, and his â€Å"outlook is changed by what he knows† (9). This information comes to describe his perspective on, and doesn't exist in separation from different circles of his life. As it were, Peters’ stresses that the information controlled by an informed individual isn't latent: it is effectively applied to each part of that person’s life. Peters’ idea of the ‘active’ idea of training is likewise set apart by another trademark, which shapes his next rules. Peters’ third standards is intently

Rhetorical Analysis of My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping In Essay

Explanatory Analysis of My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping In - Essay Example Presently it was the â€Å"living outdoors† stage. The storyteller sweetheart guarded her beau by telling everybody that his demonstration is a defiant one, telling everybody this is the boyfriend’s method for revolting to the foundation. The â€Å"living outdoors† examination of the sweetheart flopped at long last. The storyteller was incompletely upbeat on the grounds that the sweetheart would at last return inside, making everything â€Å"normal† again however of course, it is miserable in light of the fact that the sentiment of living a long way from the scopes of innovation and current life flopped also. The content is in reality somewhat humoresque as it portrays a school kid who is on the way to self-disclosure. The lines â€Å"An Oprah-esque voice in my mind stated: It doesn’t matter what individuals think as long as he feels satisfied. In any case, another voice in my mind, the one that dodged self improvement guides and syndicated programs, was less convinced† saw through that. It is additionally contacting as it shows the persona likewise befuddled: will she bolster the beau or not. At last, she carries out in light of her obligation as a sweetheart yet we realize that she just does so in light of the fact that it’s her obligation, and not on the grounds that she enthusiastically accepts on the reasons for the beau. She is the handy one in the relationship, picking to adhere to school. Her common sense even reaches up to the point that she recognizes what will befall her after school, and the ramifications of being in school: â€Å"but over all once you went to school, you were on the best way to live. Or if nothing else, if the economy didn’t sink, you were on the non-destitute path.† The beau is a significant convincing character. He is a run of the mill â€Å"rebellious† kid, taking a stab at everything: being a â€Å"Goth, punk, revolutionary, Marxist and Zen†. The sweetheart was so used to this way of life changes that she was not astonished when the beau brought it up one day. This time, the explanation was to be a plain, and he needs to follow the strides of Chris McCandless, the man who

Saturday, June 27, 2020

5 Best Online PhDs in Healthcare Management

Healthcare administration is an ever-evolving field, continuously changing and improving. A PhD in healthcare management opens the door for a lucrative career as a leader in the healthcare industry. With shifts in public policy, new care models, varying demographics, and advancements in research and patient care, the field is continually changing. This advanced degree can help you develop the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to become a pivotal leader in healthcare management. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, healthcare management will grow by 20% by 2026. This rapid growth means lots of open jobs—and lots of opportunity for you. What Is a PhD in Healthcare Management? Doctoral programs in healthcare management teach students how to be leaders in delivering excellent healthcare with an emphasis on research. Students will develop their skills in research, assessment, information technology management, healthcare and legal policies, and of course, leadership. Depending on the program you choose, the classes and curriculum may vary, but the basic classes will likely be the same across the board. Most healthcare management programs blend theory with research methodology, allowing students to conduct original research in their areas of interest. Examples of classes include Introduction to Health Policy, Communication in Healthcare Organizations, and Principles of Epidemiology. Near the end of the doctoral program, each student must successfully write and defend a dissertation. Requirements for healthcare management PhD programs vary, but you’ll typically need at least five years of work-related experience. Candidates must also have a master’s degree in health administration or a related field. Careers for Healthcare Management PhDs If you earn a PhD in healthcare management, your career options are plentiful and diverse. Here are some examples, but the field is large, so if you have something different in mind, you can probably pursue it. Medical and Health Service Executives Executives in healthcare take on responsibilities such as supervising staff, managing facility operations, and managing finances. Top administrators ensure that each department runs efficiently and adequately. Director of Clinical Operations Each registered hospital needs a director of clinical operations to ensure medical integrity. This role entails coordinating licensed doctors, managing budgets, hiring support staff, and providing quality patient care. Management Analysts Analysts typically work as part of an organization to offer professional counsel and guidance to a healthcare facility. They work alongside administrators to design and carry out business plans. Most people obtain bachelor’s and master’s degrees in healthcare management. Fewer people seek doctoral degrees, but those who do can expect to enjoy lucrative careers. Salary Potential for PhDs in Healthcare Management A PhD in healthcare management can deliver strong returns, with potential income averaging between $100,000 to well over $200,000 a year, depending on your job title and experience. According to Payscale, a senior director of operations makes an average of $168,000 per year. The average income for a hospital CEO is $200,140. A research director may earn slightly less. Salaries vary depending on your geographical location and job title, and of course, your qualifications. But you can aim even higher—the highest-paid CEOs at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and CVS Health make $47.46 million and $22.86 million each. While those multi-million dollar salaries might be out of reach for most people, as the field grows, so should the potential salaries. And with one of the best online PhDs in healthcare management, you’ll be well positioned for a lucrative career. What Are the Best Online PhDs in Healthcare Management? We know that you have educational goals that you’re itching to pursue, but you may not know where to start. The editors of College Rank use a unique ranking methodology based on the following three aspects: 40% Potential salary after graduation: Average mid-career salary of school alumni 30% Institutional accreditation: Regional and national accreditation for the 2019-2020 school year 30% Overall degree affordability: Average cost of undergraduate and graduate tuition per school At College Rank, we strive to do our best to guide you and your family toward a fruitful academic career. The pursuit of knowledge is a noble one, and we want to help you reach your goals. Please feel free to visit our dedicated methodology page for a step-by-step breakdown. For questions, comments, badge downloads, or data corrections, please feel free to reach out to us at editor@collegerank.net. 1The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillLocationChapel Hill, North CarolinaAverage Net Price $11,100More Information Improving the intellectual landscape since 1789, The University of North Carolina is not only one of the three oldest universities in the United States, but it is the cornerstone of the 17 campuses in the UNC system. UNC Chapel Hill offers an Online Executive Doctoral Program in Health Leadership (DRHP) for working healthcare professionals who want to become leaders in the healthcare industry. It’s known as one of the best online PhDs in healthcare management. Currently, the Online Executive Doctoral Program includes 1,620 enrolled students. Women dominate the field, at 72% of the program’s students. Eleven percent of the current students are international. The program includes 45-51 credit hours, and it takes approximately three years to complete. To apply for the Doctoral Program in Health Leadership at UNC Chapel Hill, you will need a master’s or doctoral degree and at least five years of full-time managerial/supervisory experience in healthcare. In addition, American students will need either the GRE or GMAT test scores, while international applicants will need to complete the TOEFL/IELTS. All unofficial university transcripts are required, along with three letters of recommendation. Students may be located in the United States or overseas, but must travel to campus once in the fall, spring, and summer of each of the first two years of the program. The third year of the program is focused on your dissertation, so it can be completed exclusively online. The application deadline for admission to the program is January 14, 2020.

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Study On Introductory Finance And Market Portfolio Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Having selected two stocks, LLOY.L and BARC.L, from the FTSE100 Index and downloaded the daily prices, spanning the period January 2008 December 2010, it is now time to calculate the daily returns and the average returns. The daily returns are calculated by subtracting from the closing share price of the following day the closing share price of the prior day, all divided by the closing share price of the prior day. The daily return of stocks represents the changing of the value of the stock in a short term point of view, so the value in percentage that could be obtained by trading the stock in different days at the midquote(closing) price. This paper doesnt take into account dividend in the return equation for simplicity. The average returns are the sum between the daily returns of each stock divided by the number of days: LLOY.L -0,09% and BARC.L 0,05%. As it is an average of the sum of the daily returns, the average return of a stock is like a summary value in a lon g term point of view. In order to calculate the variance, which is the measure of the variability of measured data from the average value of the set of data , we use the excel prepared formula =VAR and the results are LLOY.L 0,00329681532 and BARC.L 0,00298971628. Variance is also the measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The standard deviation of the two stocks is calculated by the prepared formula of excel =DEV.ST or just by calculating the radical square of the variance , LLOY.L 0,05741790071952 and BARC.L 0,054678298027727 and it represents the variability of a distribution. The value which represents the correlation between two variables is the covariance of the two stocks which is 0,00197867681213. Having constructed a portfolio which consists of 50% in each stock it is now time to calculate its return and standard deviation which respectively are -0,00018953911968 and 0,05060604020891: in order to calculate the standard deviation w e have to calculate the variance as the standard deviation is the radical square of the variance. The table below shows a set of portfolios of the two stocks with different weights. It is mainly important to notice two factors: the returns and the variance. As the average return of LLOY.L is negative, a rational investor would choose to invest only in BARC.L in order to get a positive return; accordingly to the data of the variance it is significant to notice that it has high values in the extremes of the composition of the weights of the portfolio. High values of variances mean high values of risk. Actually, if an investor does not reduce the exposure to risk by diversification of his portfolio with different assets the risk of losses is higher. The risk is higher because with diversification the investor is able to reduce the specific risk of the firm and will be subjected only to the general market risk. The graph below summarizes a portfolio with different weights of asset s. The outcome is what is called the efficient frontier (the upper part) and so the graph shows the correlation between returns and risk (standard deviations). The previous explanation meant to mark the difference between what appears to be the best choice for an investor and so the highest return and what is really the best choice, which is maximizing the utility of the investor by minimizing his exposure to risk. The minimum exposure to risk is calculated by minimizing the variance and by calculating the exact weights of the assets in the portfolio. This paper has used the excel prepared function solver to get the minimum variance in the portfolio made with those two different stocks. The minimum variance is 0,25% with weights of 43% LLOY.L and 57% BARC.L as highlighted. In order to achieve a portfolio yielding a return of 25% the weight of each stock should be equal to: LLOY.L -17536% and BARC.L 17636%. This result has been obtained by using the excel function solver and it mirrors the fact that an investor should sell LLOYD.L assets (-17536%) and buy BARC.L assets (17636%) in order to achieve a return of 25%. Question (b): It is now time to define what a Market Portfolio is. This paper intends to begin describing the market with risky assets and then deals with a portfolio with risk free assets in order to scrutinize the main differences, because it is just in the composition between these two different set of portfolios that there is the market portfolio. Before dealing particularly with the market portfolio it is important to analyze the officials acting in the financial environment, investors in particular. There are two kinds of investors: risk averse and risk takers. If we consider risk as a measure of uncertainty about both the development of the market and the success of our investment, risk averse investors are those officials who prefer to invest in low risk assets even though they will not achieve a high income. Risk takers instead ar e those investors whose aim is to bet on the market development and invest in a more risky way in order to get better returns. The main objective of the description of these officials it is to describe the combination of assets of their portfolios. Risk takers invest on assets which have a high degree of dispersion (the variance and so the standard deviation) in the final income. There is a high chance that the final outcome will not be equal to the expected return. An efficient portfolio for risk takers is made by maximizing the expected returns for a given amount of risk or minimizing risk when the expected return is given. Risk averse investors will invest in assets with a low or almost nonexistent level of risk, even though the expected return is not high. Efficient portfolios are shown in the efficient frontier, which is a curve showing optimal portfolios made by assets of different degrees of risk. The efficient frontier offers the highest return for any level of risk an d it is constructed by combining mean and standard deviation, so return and risk. In the graph below the efficient frontier is just AB because for every level of risk (variance) we can get higher expected return in AB instead of in AC: this represents efficiency in the selection of assets for a portfolio. Having analyzed the portfolio made of risky assets it is now time to describe the contrast to a portfolio of risk free assets. A portfolio of risk free assets reduces its risk to zero. The expected return turns into realized return (Expected(R) = Realized(R)). Government bonds are usually the closest example of risk free assets. The most visible change is that the efficient frontier becomes a straight line. This straight line is called capital market line and its equation is E(Rp)=Rf+[(E(Rm)-Rf)/ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m]xÃÆ' Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢p. The expected return on a portfolio depending on a risk free rate of return suffers less risk because the variance of the portfolio is smal ler, as the variance of the risk free assets and the covariance are equal to zero. The main advantage given by risk free assets is that investors can borrow or lend any amount of money at the risk free rate of return depending on the weight they have, as the graph below shows. It is important to pay attention to both the risk component and the risk free one in order to find out the Market Portfolio (M, in the graph below) as it is just the tangent point between the efficient frontier and the capital market line. The CML is the line used in the capital asset pricing model to illustrate the rates of return for  efficient portfolios depending on the risk-free rate of return and the level of risk (standard  deviation)  for a particular portfolio. Markowitz introduced a new goal for investors, which is to maximize their utility. The utility is maximized in the market portfolio, which is the equalization between the efficient frontier and the capital market line. T he utility is approximately calculated as the expected return minus the variance of return, which is multiplied to a risk averse variable. If an investor wants to achieve the best utility from the combination between assets of his portfolio, he will try to minimize the variance in order to maximize the expected return. The Market Portfolio is where every investors will want to invest. Actually this portfolio must include all risky assets and as the market is in equilibrium all assets are included in their market value. Since the Market Portfolio contains all risky assets, it is a completely diversified portfolio, which means that all the unique risk of individual assets (unsystematic risk) is diversified away. In the presence of capital markets, rational risk averse investors select efficient portfolios that lie in the CML with the highest expected Sharpe ratio (risk premium/standard deviation) which means with the highest expected return and the lowest degree of risk. The concep t of Market Portfolio is strictly related to the concept of the Separation Theorem. James Tobin explained in the Separation Theorem that if an investor holds risky assets and he is able to borrow (buying stocks on margin) or lend (buying risk free assets) at the same rate, then the efficient frontier is a single portfolio of risky assets plus borrowing and lending. Tobins Separation Theorem says an investor can separate the problem into first finding that optimal combination of risky assets and so the tangency point (Market Portfolio) and then deciding whether to lend or borrow, depending on his attitude toward risk. If there is only one portfolio plus borrowing and lending, it is got to be the market.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Media Attention Has Brought The Issue Of Bullying - 931 Words

Jameka Smoot Professor Benie Colvin English 1101 9 April 2015 Media attention has brought the issue of bullying to the forefront. America is suffering from a bullying epidemic. Bullying is a national issue that has cost many lives within the past few decades. More than 160,000 children refuse to attend school due to fears of falling victim to bullying. There are several types of bullying and they all have been the cause and effect of many lives. Bullying can go anywhere from a cyber-setting, verbal, and the one we all know the traditional physical bullying. Bullying is intimidating because there are so many different methods of bullying. Many victims cannot defend themselves and do not believe reporting bully actions will help them or keep them protected, because they worry about retaliation, shame or the reputation of â€Å"snitching†. Many times bullying only occur to impress friends or to prove yourself to friends, because that person is unhappy themselves, or envious of their victim. There are other times where it is done simply for entertainment, revenge, or because their victim is different. Bullying targets would be of size, race or nationality, social status or class, gender and disabilities. Bullying has been the very cause of adolescent deaths within the past decades. An interview was conducted on a case where a victim turned bully, 12 year old, Richard Gale was body slammed trying to fight a fellow peer Casey Heynes. Although Heynes is believed to be the hero whoShow MoreRelatedThe Social Media And Texting1386 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 2 2/5/2015 Cyberspace Take a look around where you are. Everywhere you look people standing around, sitting, phones in hand, typing away. One may ask what it is that has everyone constantly checking their phones and taking up so much time of a busy day: social media. Today’s technology such as social media and texting has come so far and become so advanced communicating is easier than ever. With the help of satellites we can talk to people from every corner of world with just a click of a buttonRead MoreThe Legal Issue Of Cyberbullying Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the two legal issues, then discuss why they are legal issue, In addition, this assignment will provide a comparison of established legislation in New Zealand and foreign jurisdictions; namely the United Kingdom and Australia in managing the legal issues. Furthermore, this assignment will illustrate my opinions on how the legal issues could be managed or avoided. The first legal issue is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying or alternatively termed electronic bullying is a legal issue as that is definedRead MoreCyber Bullying Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying has increased over the past few years. Every bully has their own motive and reason behind their actions. Bullying could either be a short term or long term event. There are different ways a person can be bullied. Through social media, texting/phone, in person, blackmail, in and out of the classroom. The victim can be hurt physically, emotionally, and mentally. The pain someone faces from being bullied often stays with them their whole life. Closing the Racial Discipline Gap in ClassroomsRead MoreBullying . In Life There Is No Perfect Picture For A Non-Violent1379 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying In life there is no perfect picture for a non-violent world, but then we turn to school, work forces and sadly enough, we as a community reach the point of having to find ways to prevent bullying. Bullying as we see is as a whole can create a foundation that certain people don’t want to particularly be involved with, such as school environments, workforces or even a neighborhood. This is a worldwide incident that is going on and people are getting hurt emotionally, physically and evenRead MoreCyber Bullying : Experienced Cyber Threats Online And On Social Media1439 Words   |  6 PagesDevereux 9/15/14 Cyber Bullying More than one in three young teens has experienced cyber threats online and on social media. Specifically 83% of teenagers use a cell phone regularly, making it the most popular form of technology and an easier way to access the internet. Being tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed and otherwise targeted by another teen is known as cyber bullying. With statistics this alarmingly high, bullying has become the largest issue facing general youth societyRead MoreSocial Media Has Affected The Generation Of The 21st Century917 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has become a growing industry, intriguing adolescences to explore the numerous different ways of interaction. Cell phones, lap tops, and tablets are new compelling products for teens, which allow effortless access to social media. A national survey in 2009 finds that 73% of online teenagers use SNS (social network systems), which is an increase from 55% 3 years earlier. (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010) As t echnology became an everyday use, more people became distracted by socialRead MoreBullying in Schools: Research and Solution1067 Words   |  4 Pages Abstract Bullying in school has become increasingly problematic for teachers and administrators. There have been many highly-publicized incidents illustrating the serious psychological consequences bullying can have for victimized students, including higher rates of absenteeism and even suicide. However, the question of how to deal with bullying remains a vexing one. Schools must remain within the law and try to find programs that have a meaningful effect on bullying, even though victims and perpetratorsRead MoreEssay on Bullying and Violence in Public Schools1365 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and Violence in Public Schools Although bullying has always been a problem in schools, it has more recently become a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. â€Å"However it is defined, bullying is not just child’s play, but a terrifying experience many schoolchildren face everyday. It can be as direct as teasing, hitting or threatening, or as indirect as exclusions, rumors or manipulation† (Garrett 2). Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet theyRead MoreSchool Violence Has Become An Issue For Education Establishments For Centuries988 Words   |  4 Pages School violence has become an issue for education establishments for centuries. Many would easily blame the parenting of the child or believing they come from problem homes; evidently those statements are false. School violence has been known to be caused by many factors such as: the handling of concealed weapons on school property and the dangers it brings to that environment. There is also Cyberbullying from internet websites such as social media, emails, blogging, and text messages that couldRead MoreCyberbullying, An Online Harassment Of Children By Others1581 Words   |  7 PagesThey found issues related to cyberbullying that can be understood. Most cyberbullying instances happen at home and is often brought to the school campus. School systems are left unsure of how to response to the bullying while balancing legal and ethnic responsibilities. Students across the nation are being bullied online and are bringing to school the residual effects of these personal attacks The issues include traditional bullying, teen social media use and cyberbullying. The issue of cyberbullying

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Developing Countries Are Plagued By Poor Maternal, Infant...

Developing countries are plagued by issues of poor maternal, infant and child health (WHO 2011). Approximately 358000 women die during pregnancy and 7.6 million children under five years of age die annually, worldwide (WHO 2011). Adequate maternal health and nutrition are imperative for child survival (WHO 2011). Maternal, perinatal and under-five mortality is still considerably high in South Africa [Department of Health (DOH) 2012]. This is despite efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) four and five which aim to improve the health and well-being of children and mothers’ (DOH 2012). The concept of the first 1000 days is very important as this is a period from the start of conception until a child’s second birthday (Save the Children 2012). It is also the period where foundations on a child’s future health are laid (Save the Children 2012). Many mothers’ worldwide suffer from malnutrition (Save the Children 2012). Subsequently, mothers’ have a greater risk of death or giving birth to a preterm, underweight or malnourished infant (Save the Children 2012). Good nutrition during the first 1000 days is important to lay the foundation for optimal child brain development (Save the Children 2012). This is so they have better cognitive, motor and social skills, can be successful at school and be productive members in their communities and country (Save the Children 2012). Maternal malnutrition is a changeable risk factor for the prevention of negativeShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Countries Are Plagued By Issues Of Poor Maternal, Infant And Child Health Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesAND ITS SETTING 1.1 Relevance of study Developing countries are plagued by issues of poor maternal, infant and child health (WHO 2011). Approximately 358000 women die during pregnancy and 7.6 million children under five years of age die annually, worldwide (WHO 2011). Adequate maternal health and nutrition are imperative for child survival (WHO 2011). Maternal, perinatal and under-five mortality is still considerably high in South Africa [Department of Health (DOH) 2012]. This is despite effortsRead MoreThe Leading Cause Of Death And Disability For Somali Women Of Reproductive Age Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesduring pregnancy and childbirth, lack of access to skilled birth attendants, narrowly spaced births, early adolescent marriages, and female genital mutilation/cutting. Maternal mortality in Somalia is high and on the rise, it’s significantly higher than that of other developing countries. Country make steps towards reducing maternal mortality rates in Somalia. Cost is the main reason why mothers deliver at home and don’t seek help, even when there is a local clinic. By providing mothers with goodRead MoreEssay on Brazil and Maternal Health2146 Words   |  9 Pages Brazil Maternal Health: Brazil is the largest country in South America and is the fifth largest nation in the world, with a land mass of about 8,514,877 sq. km and a population of approximately 201,009,622 people (The World Factbook). The Amazon Rainforest accounts for a large part of this area, which is home to a majority of the indigenous people. Brazil also accounts for nearly one-third of Latin America’s population (Encyclopedia Britannica). The country gained its independence in 1822,Read MoreFamily Planning Methods And Methods Of The Rapid Population Growth Worldwide1911 Words   |  8 Pagesweapon to control the rapid population growth worldwide? Is population growth the only focus of family planning, or is it concerned with mothers being empowered to space the births of their children, fathers becoming more involved in health and family planning, infants and youth seeing their potential for a healthy life increase? This paper outlines the family planning techniques and methods in Nigeria. It throws light on how education is a major set-back for the rural population and, how, using traditionalRead MoreUndernutrition10134 Words   |  41 Pagescommunities and the world as a whole. Undernutrition is, by the same logic, devastating. It blunts the intellect, saps the productivity of everyone it touches and perpetuates poverty. Stunting - or low height for age - traps people into a lifelong cycle of poor nutrition, illness, poverty and inequity. The damage to physical and cognitive development, especially during the first two years of a child’s life, is largely irreversible. A child’s poorer school performance results in future income reductions ofRead MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words   |  45 Pagesconserved. Limiting the trader to an SSI also lowers the likelihood of a fraud. Regulation Financial institutions in most countries operate in a heavily regulated environment as they are critical parts of countries economies. Regulation structures differ in each country, but typically involve prudential regulation as well as consumer protection and market stability. Some countries have one consolidated agency that regulates all financial institutions while other have separate agencies for differentRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesemployee. Enhancing employee‟s effectiveness: helps the employee to overcome his weaknesses and improve his performance by providing appropriate training and development program. Help identifying employee for the purpose of motivating, training and developing them. Generate significant, relevant, free and valid information about employees. II. Early History Somewhere or other, everyone had the experience of performance appraisal in some context. This can be traced back for thousands of years

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The American Dream - 1587 Words

The American Dream is an idea that has existed for more than a century as an idea of what we can and should achieve, thanks to the freedoms supplied to us by our government. The first example of this idea appears in our very own Declaration of Independence, where founding father Thomas Jefferson wrote: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness†(Jefferson). However, it wasn’t until over 150 years later that Pulitzer Prize winner James Truslow Adams defined The American Dream by stating â€Å"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each†¦show more content†¦It doesn’t include children for all, but it does for many. It includes a college education, and it includes a spouse. Nevertheless, this dream will continue to change over the years, depending on the circumstances. For example, as jobs in manual labor went overseas and to Mexico, where labor was less expensive for employers, Americans saw the added value in having an education and The American Dream now includes college. Additionally, I believe that The American Dream has yet do die. Perhaps that is because I’m from a well off white family, but I believe that with hard work, going to college and becoming successful is an achievable goal. There certainly are societal barriers and economic challenges that make it difficult for many Americans to succeed, but once someone has a college education, success is not far off. Unfortunately, The American Dream is not as achievable as many of us would like to believe. On the topic of college, only 32.5% of Americans aged 25 and older have obtained a bachelors degree (â€Å"Educational Attainment in the United States: 2015†). Additionally, according to U.S. News World Report, â€Å"Americans themselves would need to ea rn $842 more per month to fulfill their own countrys dream†(Soergel). Perhaps it is ideal that the American Dream can only be fulfilled by a handful of our country’s citizens, but this does not bodeShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. Adam’s often-repeated quote is, ‘The American Dream is that dream of land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyon e, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.’† There are many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The American Dream 754 Words   |  4 Pages Nyreel Powell Ms. Jones American Literature 1 June 2015 The American dream in A Raisin in the Sun Have you ever had a dream and it didn’t come how you wanted it to be? Have you ever had accomplishments that you wanted to achieve but people were getting in the way of them? The four main characters in this book all have good dreams but there are people in the way of getting to those dreams or their dream is too high to accomplish. A Raisin in the Sun a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, andRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a degree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the catâ₠¬  butRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath And The American Dream1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of the American Dream is ever changing depending on the person and the time of life that person is in. Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. Cullen does acknowledge that people are born with different opportunities, so he talks about the good life. The good life describes different factors that determine your opportunities. Throughout the otherRead MoreFactors Influencing The American Dream1834 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual to succumb or to not succumb to the seductions of crime. These three factors are brilliantly portrayed in the television show, Breaking Bad and the novel, The Stick Up Kids. The American Dream is what many American citizens strive for. However, not all of those citizens are able to achieve the American Dream through a legal pathway. The reason an indivudal may not being able to do so is because of his or her background factors. It is important to note that background factors are a fractionRead MoreShark Tank And The American Dream1755 Words   |  8 PagesShark Tank and The American Dream The TV show Shark tank embodies everything the American dream represents. The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Saint Augustine How He Fused Classical Culture (I.E.,...

Saint Augustine: How he fused Classical culture (i.e., both Stoicism and Platonism) with Christianity In Augustine’s day there were many religions available to choose from some of which had many gods. St. Augustine was born to a pagan father and a Christian mother. He lived a life of immorality until his early thirties when he suddenly took a new path. During his upbringing his parents began to instill their beliefs and way of living which he later began to question. Though his mother taught and raised him as a Christian he did not fully accept the faith. Instead, during his education, he became fascinated with the writings of the great philosophers such as Plato. The ideas expressed in the writings of the great philosophers, such as†¦show more content†¦By replacing the absoluteness of Stoicism with absoluteness of God Augustine had successfully incorporated Stoicism into Christianity. After being sent to study in Carthage he became influenced by the Manichean religion and converted to their ways. The views that the Manicheans held stayed with Augustine for sometime but were eventually rejected by the time of his conversion. It was after a long struggle with the demons of his youth that he converted back to Christianity. In 387 A.D., at the age of 32, he was baptized and began to feel like all his misdeeds had been washed away. Although Augustine incorporated Stoicism into Christianity he still was able to incorporate Platonism as well to help connect classical culture with Christianity. These two philosophies are what Augustine had come to identify with after his vast studying and trying other religions. Throughout the Confessions of Saint Augustine there is a great allusion toward Platonist ideals, especially that of dual realities and the concept of a higher, more absolute reality. According to Platonists there is the reality that we hold before us and there is another true reality. The central point of Platonism was the participation of the soul in a supra-sensible world. This concept is easily integrated into Christianity if one views conv ersion to

Good People By David Foster Wallace Example For Students

Good People By David Foster Wallace David Foster Wallace’s short story â€Å"Good People† uses the themes of division, isolation, and loneliness to suggest how communication can overcomes these psychological problems. These themes, prominent in the story of a young couple struggling with how to react to an unwanted pregnancy, are present in many of Wallace’s stories, and come from his own struggles and literary influences. The nature of division versus unity in the story is manifested in many basic as well as complex ways. The central tension of the story comes from the position of the unborn child that Sheri Fisher is carrying. The tension comes from the fact that Lane Dean and Fisher must decide whether Fisher and the child should remain physically united or be permanently divided; to have the child would represent a permanent unity of family at least between Fisher and the child, while an abortion would be a permanent division. The two main characters are also deeply divided based on their perspective. Lane Dean, the male character, â€Å"was trying to say things that would get her to open up and say enough back that he could see her and read her heart and know what to say to get her to go through with it† (Wallace). Dean is at once divided from Fisher, his girlfriend, because his perspective is apparently different from hers. He is sure that he wants her to get the abortion, while she appears unsure. They are further divided because to Dean, his girlfriend is â€Å"blank and hidden† (Wallace), meaning that Dean does not know what Fisher is thinking or feeling. The two characters, therefore, can be considered isolated from each other. Division is present in imagery as well. Their shadows become â€Å"a two-headed thing in the grass before them†. A downed tree in the shallows of the lake is â€Å"half hidden† and later it is a â€Å"cloud of branches all half in the water â€Å"The narration also presents the image of a downed tree being divided and divided into pieces as after a recent storm Dean had heard â€Å"the sound of chainsaws all up and down his parent’s street.† Dean also fantasizes about â€Å"an image of himself on a train, waving mechanically to something that got smaller and smaller as the train pulled away†. This image clearly shows Dean becoming separated from something he wishes to leave; the â€Å"mechanic† waving implies a lack of enthusiasm, in turn implying that the journey away from the thing on the platform is a separation that Dean desires. Dean is also very seriously divided within himself. He feels himself to be â€Å"two-hearted, a hypocrite†. He is divided as well between his belief in â€Å"a living God of compassion and love and the possibility of a personal relationship with Jesus Christ† and the dark side of the Christian God that relates to the possibility of eternal damnation to Hell, as he starts to envision â€Å"the edge or outline of what a real vision of Hell might be†. Further, the vision he has of Hell is one of great personal internal division. The vision was: â€Å"†¦of two great and terrible armies within himself, opposed and facing each other, silent†¦ the armies would stay like that, motionless, looking across at each other, and seeing therein something so different and alien from themselves that they could not understand†¦ frozen like that, opposed and uncomprehending, for all human time.† This passage presents the theme of division, but also the motifs of frozenness and stillness, which relate to isolation. Dean â€Å"hated himself for sitting so frozen† and being unable to help the situation with Fisher. He knows â€Å"something was required of him that was not this terrible frozen care and caution†. This shows the relationship between frozenness and an inability to fluidly or fluently express oneself. Dean wants to communicate clearly with Fisher, but, as illustrated above, they are isolated from each other. Frozenness is also a trait that Dean associates with â€Å"the blank frozenness of his father, even in church, which had once filled him with such pity†. Frozenness and isolation was something that Dean once pitied, and is something that is especially pitiful in church, which to Dean was a place that, again, had to do with his benevolent, loving God and a personal, communicative and therefore not-frozen relationship with Jesus. .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .postImageUrl , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:hover , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:visited , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:active { border:0!important; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:active , .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80ed277f11bb15db12de37dcca6cca5f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consider The Lobster By David Foster WallaceWallace further associates frozenness with uncommunicativeness or division and isolation through Dean’s relationship with God. Dean immediately feels something similar to frozenness or division from others, a â€Å"terrible kind of blankness,† when he first finds out about the pregnancy, which is related to his true feelings about the pregnancy: that he wants Fisher to have the abortion. â€Å"He knew this without admitting to himself that this was what he wanted, for it would make him a hypocrite and liar†. This desire within himself here divides him from himself, and then divides him from God, which is wher e the idea of being a hypocrite comes from; â€Å"he kept thinking also of 1 Timothy and the hypocrite therein†. Elsewhere Wallace writes that Dean â€Å"had awakened early and tried to pray but could not. He was freezing more and more solid†. The story ends with a big change: the isolation and frozenness of individuals begins to thaw through communication, which helps to bring about a rapprochement between divided parts of a whole. As the story comes to a close, Dean is suddenly â€Å"answered,† or communicated with, with a â€Å"vision of moment of grace†. This communication allows him to break the frozen distance and separation between him and Fisher, suddenly allowing him to see, â€Å"into Sheri’s heart†. Fisher would hold his hands and â€Å"make him look at her† â€Å"to unfreeze him,† in other words using communication to break the frozenness of isolation. She is suddenly no longer divided within herself; â€Å"with her gaze clear and steady† she decides to have the baby. As this happens, another divide in the setting changes its nature. The other side of the lake represents the duality of the lake’s two sides. Further, Dean characterizes the people on the other side according to their differentness as â€Å"blacks†. After Fisher and Dean begin to communicate, closing divides and thawing frozen isolation, â€Å"one of the opposite side’s blacks raises his arm in what may be greeting†. The duality of the sides of the lake is also being overcome through communication. Meanwhile, between the time that Dean hears Fisher’s conclusion and decides how to react, he is â€Å"neither frozen nor yet moving,† implying that the communication has unfrozen him and that to begin the journey to the opposite of frozenness and isolation he must â€Å"move† and communicate back to Fisher. He is ultimately â€Å"moved by pity†, which shows that emotional communication breaks the spell of frozenness and isolation. The story ends with unity and division overcome, at least temporarily. Dean finds a single truth: that he just needs to have â€Å"simple courage† to unify himself with Fisher and decide that he can live with her and perhaps love her. He finds union with his values as his prayer for courage reflects his thoughts on â€Å"what would Jesus even do?† The last phrase of the story is pure unity and therefore relief for Dean: â€Å"to meet both her eyes as she says it and trust his heart†. Dean and Fisher are unifi ed in their gaze and Dean has overcome his internal divisions to â€Å"trust his heart.† The story revolves around the tension of isolation and internal division and its resolution through communication. The themes in this short story that allowed Wallace to do this were heavily influenced by Wallace’s relationship with another author, R. D. Laing. Laing investigated â€Å"the divided self† and how the divided self can be overcome by achieving a â€Å"real, whole, alive personal identity† (Brick 71). Laing’s divided person â€Å"experiences a rent in his relation with the world† (Brick 71). Wallace was substantially influenced by Liang in the theme of â€Å"the resistance to genuine interaction with other individuals, and specifically that this comes about as a result of anxious self-consciousness† (Brick 71). In â€Å"Good People,† Dean’s character, as described above, becomes â€Å"frozen† and isolated as soon as he hears about the pregnancy because he knows he wants the abortion but does not want to admit this to himself as this violates his principles. He fears being a hypocrite, and this gives him the â€Å"anxious self-consciousness† that results in his inability to genuinely communicate with Fisher and even with God through prayer. .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .postImageUrl , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:hover , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:visited , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:active { border:0!important; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:active , .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733 .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b91d917c0c0f5ce295899cc98c2f733:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Authority and American Usage, by David Foster WallaceIndeed, Wallace was obsessed with the relationship between communication and loneliness or isolation throughout his career (Phillips 680). He wrote that communication is often a â€Å"charade† and that language isolates people because â€Å"what goes on inside is just too fast and huge†¦ for words to do more than barely sketch the outlines† (Phillips 680). Wallace’s struggles with depression and loneliness, Phillips says, lent these themes to his work, and his vocation as a writer led him to meditate on how communication relates to these themes (Phillips 681-2). â€Å"Good People† is about how communication, isolation, loneliness, and division are all interconnected. Dean begins divided from his values and his girlfriend, frozen into non-communication. He ends the story united with her, after communication helps him thaw and overcome his divisions. This reflects broader themes that reappear throughout Wallace’s work, and that come from Wallace’s literary influences and his personal experience with depression, loneliness, and communication.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Romantic Poetry Analysis free essay sample

These two themes go hand in hand when interpreting romantic poetry, with the development of the hectic industrial cities many poets longed for the simplicity that nature had to offer. Poems such as Wordsworth’s â€Å"Resolution and Independence†, Coleridge’s â€Å"The Dungeon† and Shelley’s â€Å"To Night† embody the themes of nature and reminiscence. William Wordsworth is said to be one of the most influential poets of the Romantic Era. Wordsworth’s religion of nature was influenced by his childhood, growing up in the Lake District of northwestern England and through his travels to foreign countries. Resolution and Independence† was written in 1802, roughly four years into the Romantic Period. The poem is about a man walking through the countryside after a night of rain, he reflects on the livelihood of the creatures that surround him and initially share their joy until his mind wanders to the dejection he feels for what man has become. He comes across an old man, who he envies because his job is to collect leeches for medical purposes. The traveller envies the old man because he gets to work in nature. The theme of nature is prevails in this poem as well as the theme of nostalgia. Wordsworth writes â€Å"The birds are singing in the distant woods; over his own sweet voice the Stock-dove broods; the Jay makes answer as the Magpie chatters; and all the air is filled with pleasant noise of waters. † Wordsworth describes the sounds of nature that the traveler hears, clearly showing his appreciation of nature when he describes the birds singing as â€Å"pleasant noise†. As the poem continues the traveler demeanor embodies the same joy that the creatures of nature are feeling, yet his jubilation diminishes when he reflects on what man has become. â€Å"The pleasant season did my heart employ: my old remembrances went from me wholly; and all the ways of men, so vain and melancholy. † The traveler is displeasured with what man has become, describing him as â€Å"vain and melancholy†, such displeasure can be interpreted as the theme of nostalgia. William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Resolution and Independence† embodies the dominating themes of nostalgia and nature in romanticism. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is better known for his influence on literary criticism rather than his poetry. Between 1797 and 1803 Coleridge’s best poetry is said to be produced. â€Å"The Dungeon† was written in 1797 and is about a dungeon in which criminals are forced to reside in. The first verse of â€Å"The Dungeon† is dreary and very critical of using dungeons to punish criminals. The emphasis on industrialized cities and the insignificance of rural areas and the upset it causes romantic poets can be seen in this poem. â€Å"Is this the only cure? Merciful God! Each pore and natural outlet shrivell’d up by Ignorance and parching Poverty, his energies roll back upon his heart, and stagnate and corrupt; till chang’d to poison, they break out on him, like a loathsome plague-spot;† Coleridge’s text is trying to convey that when man is separated from his natural environment he might turn to crime. The theme of nostalgia can be seen in â€Å"The Dungeon† through Coleridge’s emphasis on nature over civilization, because industrialism is a new concept for romantics. Essentially Coleridge believes that nature betters a man and believes that sending a criminal to a dungeon only turns them into savages rather than letting them find harmony in the natural world. â€Å"With other ministrations thou, O Nature! Healest thy wandering and distemper’d child: Thou pourest on him thy soft influences, the sunny hues, fair forms, and breathing sweets, thy melodies of woods, and winds, and waters,† This quote can be interpreted as Coleridge’s way of expressing how nature can heal man. Samuel Taylor Coleridge exemplifies the themes of nostalgia and nature in his poem â€Å"The Dungeon† through his message of nature having the power to better man. Percy Bysshe Shelley is categorized as the perfect romantic poet due to his quest for truth and justice. Shelley’s poetry peaked in 1816 until he died in 1822. The poem â€Å"To Night† is about Shelley’s longing for the day to end and night to come. Shelley wants to escape the day and find refuge in the night, although he never explains why in his poem. In the third stanza Shelley writes â€Å"When I arose and saw the dawn, I sighed for thee; when light rode high, and the dew was gone, and noon lay heavy on flower and tree, and the weary Day turned to his rest, lingering like and unloved guest, I sighed for thee. † When Shelley writes â€Å"and the dew was gone† it shows that he is fond of the nature that occurs at night such as the dew on the grass when the night ends. In the second stanza Shelley anticipates night’s arrival â€Å"Wrap thy form in mantle gray, star-inwrought! † Shelley describes another aspect of nature at night; the sky changing colors and the emerging stars. Themes of nostalgia can also be detected in â€Å"To Night† but are interpreted differently in comparison to other poems. â€Å"Sleep will come when thou art fled; of neither would I ask the boon I ask of thee, beloved Night – swift be thine approaching flight, come soon, soon! † Shelley longs for the night on a daily basis; the difference of nostalgia in this poem is that his melancholy demeanor is relieved when night begins unlike other poems that reminisce on the old ways of life. â€Å"To Night† exemplifies a different interpretation of the romantic themes such as nature and nostalgia. Themes of the Romantic Era dictated the literary works during the 18th and 19th centuries. The most influential theme was nature and poets developed this theme through their works. Nostalgia was also a common theme in romantic literature, as industrialization grew in popularity, many romantics opposed the new way of life and longed for the way things used to be. William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Resolution and Independence†, Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"The Dungeon†, and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To Night† all exemplify the themes of nature and nostalgia through their poetry.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Take Off That Mask Essays - English-language Films, Boxing Films

Take Off That Mask Take Off That Mask As sad as it seem first impressions often dictate the way people feel about one another. In most cases the way a person looks doesn't at all reflect on their personality. This stigma of the way a person looks goes far beyond being pretty and ugly. All to often people are assumed mentally retarded because of a facial deformity when in fact that person is as able or in many cases more then able to perform and task they are asked to perform. Ironically in this modern society where such stigmas exist, some movies are able change our thinking if not remove the stigmas altogether. The film Mask is a perfect example. This movie shows the stigmas for what they are and at the same time changes our impression of facial deformity. This movie enables anyone who views it look at a person and see them for who they are and not what they look like. The film Mask we see the story of Rocky Denis, played by Eric Stoltz, is a teenage boy dealing with the effects of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia also known as Lionitis, is a life shortening disease that causes calcium to accumulate in the skull. The calcium make the head grow to twice the normal size. Rocky obviously does not look like the average teenager. This is an observation we can see right away. Outside of the way Rocky looks his lifestyle is also slightly different from most teens. His mother Rusty, played by Cher, is affiliated with a gang of bikers. She drinks and uses drugs, and although she seems to try and hide these things from Rocky he is well aware of what his mother is doing. The movie is quick to bring some of the stigmas about Rocky's disorder to our attention. In two scenes we see how people outside of Rocky's immediate family treat his disorder. First we see how the principal of the local public junior high school views Rocky. He tells Rocky and Rusty that, ?There are special schools for children like Rocky,? the principal upon looking at Rocky immediately thinks he is mentally retarded. Rusty shows him this is far from the truth by giving the principal his grades from lower levels of schooling. She then threatens to sue the school if he does not enroll Rocky. Rocky shows the principal a thing or two when he goes on to graduate with awards for excellence in almost every academic subject. The principal also shows Rocky a little surprise when he offers him a job at a summer camp for blind children. The second scene is particularly disturbing because it takes place in a hospital. In this scene a doctor that is not familiar with Rocky's case tries to explain to Rocky and Rusty the unfortunate truth of his life expectancy. Rocky and Rusty deal with the situation by pretty much brushing off everything the young doctor says. The reason this scene is disturbing is because the doctor inadvertently makes himself no better then a common person misjudging Rocky. The one place you would think Rocky can be free from these stigmas seems to be worse then the outside world when a doctor gives off the emotions of a person seeing Rocky for the first time. The film again captures the view of Rocky's face and the first impression people have when Rocky goes to his first day of school. At the junior high school the students see him and make their impression and Rocky carries on as he always has. The students seem to overlook the fact that a biker from the gang dropped Rocky off at the school. In most junior high schools a student that is dropped off by a biker would get the full attention of bystanders. In this case all they notice is Rocky's facial deformity. As time passes the students like the principal accept Rocky for who he is. The acceptance of ?who he is? is a very important theme that constantly comes up in the movie. At one point Rocky gets in an argument with his mother in which he asks her ?Don't you get it, it's girls

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Sample Essay Personality Introduction

Sample Essay Personality IntroductionThe first step in writing a sample essay personality introduction is to make sure that the sample essay has a purpose. This article will give you some guidelines on what you should include in your sample essay personality introduction.To begin with, begin by writing a summary of the material you will be discussing in your intro paragraph. Be sure to include an intro paragraph and a conclusion paragraph. The conclusions of the paragraphs may not be included in the conclusion of the whole essay. You may also need to write one more paragraph if your sample essay personality introduction contains more than one conclusion.In the written intro paragraph, you should explain who the writer is and why they want to write the essay. If it is for a student of the writing profession, explain why you are writing the essay. If it is for a personal reader, explain why you would like to read the essay. If it is for a mentor, let the reader know what you are hoping to accomplish.For students who are starting out as writers, or even those who are returning to the classroom, explain why they believe their writing skills are required. Often, students who need writing help feel pressure to produce work quickly and publish it as soon as possible. This is not necessarily true for all students, but it is good to state it because many students will need writing help. Students who need writing help sometimes feel overwhelmed. As an example, you can provide examples of sample essays that offer writing help in the essay personality introduction.Next, list the primary ideas in your essay and sentence, along with the sentences they support. If it is a number, then you can list the number of the sentence and the number of the idea. You can also list each idea in parenthesis at the end of your sample essay personality introduction.The final point you need to make in your sample essay personality introduction is to describe the points you hope the reader wil l make. For example, you might say: 'This sample essay personality introduction will give the reader an introduction to me and my goals in life.' 'This sample essay personality introduction will get the reader excited about what they are about to discover.' The idea is to create anticipation for the reader. You can use a good description to get the reader excited about the essay personality introduction.Following these guidelines, writing a sample essay personality introduction can be a good strategy for aspiring writers. The structure of the essay can also be beneficial because it will direct the writer to choose from the many types of introductory essays that are available.

Friday, March 13, 2020

The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essays

The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essays The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essay The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essay The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy. The life expectancy of many lesser economically developed countries is lower than that of more economically developed countries. Generally, better-developed countries have a greater doctor to population ratio. So I wish to determine whether this is a factor that affects life expectancy. I choose this investigation, as Im interested in geography particularly travelling. I plan to take a gap year after my A-levels, prior to university and hopefully visit many areas of the world including less economically developed countries. This led me to an interest in the variation of death rates between countries and I decided to compare this data to the number of doctors per person and to see if this influences the death rate in anyway. DATA COLLECTION: Firstly, I collected a list of all the countries in the world and their doctor to patient ratio. I got my data from a school Atlas I acquired from the college library; I collected the data from the same source as it was obtained in the same year. The countries were listed alphabetically and assigned a number. Using a graphics calculator I generated a random number, using a random function and chose a sample of 50. However, some numbers were generated twice so I ignored it the second time and went on to the next number. 1 Data No. People per Dr. average life expectancy 1 7358 45 2 769 73 3 1250 69 4 555 83 5 14300 47 6 1316 75 7 370 73 8 298 71 9 455 78 10 385 77 11 257 70 12 709 74 13 9090 73 14 5000 58 15 885 76 16 244 68 17 885 76 18 10000 53 19 5825 61 20 57300 44 21 3448 69 22 909 75 23 1111 76 24 667 70 25 357 78 26 2000 52 27 5000 47 28 5556 45 29 2500 69 30 333 79 31 2500 63 32 6423 65 33 1667 62 34 588 78 35 625 70 36 6667 52 37 5000 86 38 20000 56 39 476 77 40 406 77 41 50000 45 42 476 77 43 33333 49 44 303 78 45 10000 68 46 435 73 47 699 72 48 556 70 49 375 81 50 14300 37 Total 123743 1712 2 Modelling Procedures: I decided to use Excel to input my data into a table format (shown above), from this table I used Excel to draw a scatter diagram of all the data. Scatter Diagram to Compare Life Expectancies to People Per Doctor For 50 Random Countries The scatter diagram gives a good diagrammatic representation of the data and shows how the data is spread in roughly an elliptical nature. From this I can make an initial conclusion/statement that both data variables are random and normally distributed. Due to the elliptical nature of the data it allowed me to produce a regression line from the data. The regression lines shows visually roughly how strong or weak the correlation of the data is and in this instance the data is a relatively strong negative correlation. The strength of the correlation can be calculated using Pearsons Product Moment Correlation. To do this I used Excel to set-up a table consisting of (xi, yi , xi2 , yi2 , xiyi ) and the sum of all columns (shown page. 5) 3 Data No. People per Dr. average life expectancy Xi^2 Yi^2 XiYi 1 7358 45 54140164 2025 331110 2 769 73 591361 5329 56137 3 1250 69 1562500 4761 86250 4 555 83 308025 6889 46065 5 14300 47 204490000 2209 672100 6 1316 75 1731856 5625 98700 7 370 73 136900 5329 27010 8 298 71 88804 5041 21158 9 455 78 207025 6084 35490 10 385 77 148225 5929 29645 11 257 70 66049 4900 17990 12 709 74 502681 5476 52466 13 9090 73 82628100 5329 663570 14 5000 58 25000000 3364 290000 15 885 76 783225 5776 67260 16 244 68 59536 4624 16592 17 885 76 783225 5776 67260 18 10000 53 100000000 2809 530000 19 5825 61 33930625 3721 355325 20 57300 44 3283290000 1936 2521200 21 3448 69 11888704 4761 237912 22 909 75 826281 5625 68175 23 1111 76 1234321 5776 84436 24 667 70 444889 4900 46690 25 357 78 127449 6084 27846 26 2000 52 4000000 2704 104000 27 5000 47 25000000 2209 235000 28 5556 45 30869136 2025 250020 29 2500 69 6250000 4761 172500 30 333 79 110889 6241 26307 31 2500 63 6250000 3969 157500 32 6423 65 41254929 4225 417495 33 1667 62 2778889 3844 103354 34 588 78 345744 6084 45864 35 625 70 390625 4900 43750 36 6667 52 44448889 2704 346684 37 5000 86 25000000 7396 430000 38 20000 56 400000000 3136 1120000 39 476 77 226576 5929 36652 40 406 77 164836 5929 31262 41 50000 45 2500000000 2025 2250000 42 476 77 226576 5929 36652 43 33333 49 1111088889 2401 1633317 44 303 78 91809 6084 23634 45 10000 68 100000000 4624 680000 46 435 73 189225 5329 31755 47 699 72 488601 5184 50328 48 556 70 309136 4900 38920 49 375 81 140625 6561 30375 50 14300 37 204490000 1369 529100 Total 123743 1712 3804969945 120078 6450387 5 Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient This is denoted by r r = Sxy Sx Sy Sx = Standard deviation of x = Sy = Standard deviation of y = Sxy = Covariance = 1/50 ?xi yi x y = 1/50 ?xi yi x y Sx Sy Sx = 11588.897 Sy = 12.312 Sxy = -87234.776 R = -0.624 Hypothesis Test Im going to test my data at a 5% significant level. p = Population Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, H0: p = 0 (no correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) H1: p 0 (negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) Im using a 1 tail test- as from the initial scatter diagram and Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Im aware that the correlation (if significant will be negative). * n = 50 r = -0.624 r (critical value) = Therefore by using the tables of critical values for (r) when n = 50 it is evident that the value for r (-0.624) is greater than the critical value when n = 50 at a 5% significant level. H1: p ; 0 (negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) can be accepted and H0 rejected. Thus showing that at a 5% significant level there is negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy. 6- Regression Line Using the equation for a regression line: y- y = Sxy (x -x) Sx2 Ive generated an equation to calculate the value of (x) from (y). * y 66.8 = -87234.776 (x- 5879.22) 11588.8972 * Conclusion The scatter diagram is a good initial indication of negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy, suggesting that for countries that life expectancy is low there will be a greater number of people per doctor- compared to a country with higher life expectancy. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient determines the strength of correlation between data, i.e * if r = o (no correlation) * if r = -1 ( perfect negative correlation) * if r = 1 (perfect positive correlation) Because my calculation gave me the value of r equal to -0.624 it supported the initial interpretation of the data having negative correlation and indicated that the negative correlation was of a reasonable strength. I decided to carry out a Hypothesis test on the data. This was carried out by the comparison of r (-0.624) with the corresponding critical values of (r) from the tables- showing negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy at a 5% significance level. 7- Accuracy The accuracy of my raw data is likely to be of the highest accuracy due to the fixers being obtained from the CIA (Central Intelligence of America) web site- from this I can be certain that all data is recent and for my investigation reliable. The only error likely to occur is the ever changing patient to doctor ratio, although is accounted for before the raw data was published by the CIA. I found this the most accurate and up to date source of information available for my access. Within the calculations itself the results are also of my highest possible accuracy. I used Excel to initially calculate Pearsons Product Correlation Coefficient, Mean, Standard Deviation and Co-variance, that was then check by hand using a calculator and the formulas included within my investigation. I kept the data to 3signifcant figures as accuracy beyond this wasnt necessary for this particular investigation. The regression line was also drawn by Excel and not by hand as to be most accurate. The only inaccuracy that I felt might have effected my investigation is a particular significant outlier or anomal result: (a result over two standard deviations from the mean). This could have caused my standard deviation of X to increase and Y to decrease compared to all other data figures, leading to a possible inaccuracy to my Co-variance and Pearsons Product Correlation Coefficient. The anomaly is highlighted in my scatter diagram (including the regression line) as to show the change in the regression line to incorporate this outlier- another possibly affected factor in my investigation.